Mention of the regulatory failures that permit the unauthorized purchase of medications. Questions 7–10
The second paragraph of Section A describes the biological mechanism: vulnerable organisms are eradicated, leaving behind "resistant strains" that multiply and pass on "resistance genes."
An account of how preventative farming practices introduce resistant microbes into the human diet.
: Simple actions like hand washing are cited as having a positive effect on preventing spread. Inappropriate Use : Antibiotics are often incorrectly used to treat viruses. Cost vs. Profit Mention of the regulatory failures that permit the
The pharmaceutical industry prioritizes antibiotic development because it is highly profitable.
Preventing infections reduces the need for antibiotics.
Found in Section B: "...often administered for viral infections like influenza or the common cold..." Inappropriate Use : Antibiotics are often incorrectly used
The global community is moving toward a "One Health" approach, acknowledging that human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected.
: Pharmaceutical companies often focus on chronic illness drugs because they are more lucrative than one-off antibiotic treatments. Livestock Impact
: Found in Paragraph B: "More alarming still is the bacterial capacity for horizontal gene transfer." 10. plasmids Preventing infections reduces the need for antibiotics
Note: The following is an analysis based on common IELTS-style text structures regarding this topic. Typical Passage Themes The history of penicillin and the initial optimism. The accelerated rise of resistance (e.g., MRSA). The lack of new antibiotics in the R&D pipeline.
Bacteria can pass their immunity to drugs to completely different categories of bacteria.